Practising Strategy A Southern African Perspective Pdf 41
Practising Strategy: A Southern African Perspective PDF 41 - A Comprehensive Guide for Strategic Management
Strategy is a crucial aspect of any organization's success. It determines the direction, goals, and actions that shape the future of the organization. However, strategy is not a static or linear process. It is often emergent, messy, and experimental, and it involves multiple actors and influences. This is especially true in the context of southern Africa, where organizations face complex and dynamic challenges such as globalization, diversity, inequality, and social change.
practising strategy a southern african perspective pdf 41
This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide for strategic management in the southern African context, based on the book Practising Strategy: A Southern African Context 2e by Tersia Botha and Peet Venter. The book offers a unique perspective on strategy as a human activity that is shaped by various factors such as cognition, politics, culture, and power. It also focuses on strategy implementation as the greatest challenge and reason for strategy failure in the 21st century. The article will cover the following topics:
What is strategy and why is it important?
What are the different perspectives and approaches to strategy?
How does strategy formulation and implementation work in practice?
Who are the strategists and what are their roles and responsibilities?
What are the challenges and opportunities for strategic management in the southern African context?
What is strategy and why is it important?
Strategy can be defined as a plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim. It can also refer to the art of planning and directing overall military operations and movements in a war or battle. Strategy is important because it helps organizations to align their resources and capabilities with their goals and environment. Strategy also helps organizations to cope with uncertainty, complexity, and change, and to gain a competitive advantage over their rivals.
However, strategy is not a one-size-fits-all concept. There are different perspectives and approaches to strategy that reflect different assumptions, values, and beliefs about how organizations work and how they should be managed. Some of these perspectives and approaches are:
The rational perspective: This perspective views strategy as a logical and analytical process of choosing the best course of action among various alternatives. It assumes that organizations have clear and consistent objectives, that they can gather and process all the relevant information, and that they can implement their chosen strategy without much resistance or deviation.
The emergent perspective: This perspective views strategy as a dynamic and adaptive process of learning and experimenting in response to changing situations. It assumes that organizations have multiple and conflicting objectives, that they face uncertainty and ambiguity, and that they have to deal with unexpected events and outcomes.
The political perspective: This perspective views strategy as a social and political process of bargaining and influencing among various stakeholders. It assumes that organizations are arenas of power and conflict, that they have diverse and competing interests, and that they have to manage the distribution of resources and rewards.
The cultural perspective: This perspective views strategy as a symbolic and interpretive process of creating and communicating meaning. It assumes that organizations are communities of shared values and beliefs, that they have distinctive identities and stories, and that they have to foster a sense of purpose and belonging.
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How does strategy formulation and implementation work in practice?
Strategy formulation and implementation are interrelated and iterative processes that require constant monitoring and evaluation. Strategy formulation involves developing a vision, mission, objectives, and action plans for the organization. Strategy implementation involves executing the action plans, allocating resources, assigning responsibilities, and measuring performance. Both processes involve engaging and communicating with various stakeholders, such as employees, customers, suppliers, partners, and shareholders.
There are different models and frameworks that can guide strategy formulation and implementation, such as the SWOT analysis, the balanced scorecard, the McKinsey 7S model, and the value stick. However, there is no one best way to formulate and implement strategy. The choice of model or framework depends on the context, purpose, and preferences of the organization. Some of the factors that can influence strategy formulation and implementation are:
The external environment: This includes the opportunities and threats that arise from the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors that affect the organization.
The internal environment: This includes the strengths and weaknesses that stem from the organization's resources, capabilities, culture, structure, systems, and processes.
The stakeholders: This includes the expectations and interests of the various groups or individuals that have a stake in the organization's performance and outcomes.
The goals: This includes the desired results or outcomes that the organization wants to achieve in the short-term and long-term.
The alternatives: This includes the different courses of action or strategies that the organization can pursue to achieve its goals.
The criteria: This includes the standards or measures that the organization uses to evaluate and compare the alternatives.
The decisions: This includes the choices or selections that the organization makes among the alternatives.
The actions: This includes the steps or tasks that the organization takes to implement its decisions.
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